Quiz – Diabetes and Kidney

1. What is Dawn phenomenon?
2. What is Somogyi pheneomenon?
3. What is Syndrome X?
4. What are Kimmelsteil Wilson nodules?

Answers

1. Gkucose levels rise early morning – Dawn phenomenon
2. Rebound hyperglycemia may appear from 1/2 to 24 hours after moderate to sevre hyoglycemia – Somogyi pheneomenon
3. Syndrome X is a term used to describe a constellation of metabolic derangements that includes insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, central or visceral obesity, endothelial dysfunction and accelerated cardiovascular disease
4. KimmelsteilWilson nodules are charecteristic of Diabetic nephropathy . Nodules of pink hyaline material form in the regions of glomerular capillary loops in the glomerulus. This is due to a marked increase in mesangial matrix from damage as a result of non enzymatic glycosyslation of proteins.